Back to the tool
How we estimate percentiles
Plain-English explanation of the data and the method, so you can judge how much weight to give the numbers.
What the data is
Every number here comes from official public test-results files: the Rhode Island Department of Education assessment data (RICAS, ELA & Math, grades 3-8). These files report, for each school / grade / year:
- the percentage of students in each performance level plus the number tested, both real, reported figures, which we convert directly to counts (count = round(percentage × number tested)), and
- the group’s real, reported Average Scale Score.
Important: the public data does not contain individual student scores, only these group summaries. So no tool can compute a true rank of one child against every other child. What we provide is a well-grounded estimate.
How the percentile is estimated
Rhode Island publishes the exact scale-score range for each performance level (e.g. for Grade 3 Math, Level 3 “Meeting Expectations” is 500-529). Given your child's score, we:
- identify which performance level the score falls in;
- count everyone in the lower levels as scoring below;
- within the score's own level, use linear interpolation across that level's count, assuming scores are spread evenly across the level's range.
That gives the percentile: the estimated share of students in the group who scored at or below the entered score.
About the smooth curve
The bell-like curve on each chart is a truncated-normal distribution fitted so that its area within each performance level matches the converted counts, anchored to the group’s real reported Average Scale Score. It's there to visualize the shape of the group's scores. The headline percentile comes from the counts (step above), not from the curve.
Why estimates are still useful: the performance-level percentages and the Average Scale Score are both real, reported figures; converting percentages to counts (percentage × number tested) is arithmetic, not a model. The only genuine assumption is how scores are distributed inside a level, a small and bounded range. Across a whole school, district, or the state, that assumption averages out well, so the comparison ("above/below average here vs. statewide") is reliable even though the exact percentile is approximate.
Limitations to keep in mind
- Percentiles are estimates, not official rankings. Treat a "62nd percentile" as "roughly the top 40%," not an exact standing.
- Small schools have small counts, so their estimates are noisier.
- Some school/grade cells are suppressed by the state (for privacy, small groups) and won't appear.
- RICAS uses the same 440-560 scale as the Massachusetts MCAS test it is based on (Rhode Island adopted it in 2018 for direct comparability), stable across years, with fixed 470/500/530 cuts every grade. No statewide test was given in 2020 (COVID). Rhode Island is compared at the school, district, and state levels (it has no county tier).
- Charter schools appear as their own districts in the state files and are included in the school, district, and statewide comparisons.
This site stores nothing you type. Scores are used only in your browser to draw your charts.
Back to the tool